BESSELI Function

This Excel tutorial explains how to use an Engineering function in Excel. Excel BESSELI function returns the modified Bessel functions I_n(x).

Syntax of the BESSELI function is BESSELI(x,n). So this function has two arguments. Both of them are mandatory. x is the value at which to evaluate the function. n represents the order of the function. And n should be positive. Function will return an error if n is less than 0.

And this is how you can use the function in the Excel.

In the above example I have passed the arguments by cell addresses. However you can pass the arguments like this as well

=BESSELI(-5,1)

This table shows the I_n(x) for x values from -5 to 5. Order of the function is 1.

And here is the graph for above table.

Then I changed the order of the function to 2 and calculated the I_n(x).

This is the graph for order 2.

DateSerial Function (VBA)

In this post I will explain how to use DateSerial function in VBA. DateSerial function is a quite useful function we can use in VBA. If we input year, month and day this function returns the relevant date.

So we need to input three parameters to the function. All of them are mandatory.

Year - Integer type value which represents the year (ex - 2020)
Month - Integer type value which represents the month (ex - 10)
Day - Integer type value which represents the day (ex - 20)

Below example shows you how you can use this function in VBA

Sub DateSerialExample() Dim SalesDataDate As Date Dim iYear As Integer Dim iMonth As Integer Dim iDay As Integer iYear = 1965 iMonth = 10 iDay = 25 SalesDataDate = DateSerial(iYear, iMonth, iDay) Debug.Print SalesDataDate End Sub

You will get this result if you run above macro

And if you want to change the format of the date then you can do it like this.

Sub DateSerialExample() Dim SalesDataDate As Date Dim iYear As Integer Dim iMonth As Integer Dim iDay As Integer iYear = 1965 iMonth = 10 iDay = 25 SalesDataDate = DateSerial(iYear, iMonth, iDay) Debug.Print Format(SalesDataDate, "dd-mmm-yyyy") End Sub

So you will get following result.

How to Add Additional Controls in Excel VBA

In this post, I will show you how to add additional controls such as Windows Media Player, Adobe PDF Reader and Microsoft ListView Control in Excel VBA.

So here are the steps you need to follow. First create a blank workbook.

Then click somewhere in the excel sheet and press Alt+F11 to open the VBA editor. Then click on the Insert menu and select Userform.

Once you select the Userform, a new userform will be created like this.

Also the Toolbox will appear to the side of the form as well.

Some of the controls are already in this toolbox such as Textbox, Label and ListBox etc. Now let’s look at how to add additional controls to it. To do that we need to click on the Tools menu and click on Additional Controls...

It will open the Additional Controls Window like this.

Now you can add any additional control you like. For this example let’s add Windows Media Player. Select the checkbox in front of the Windows Media Player and then click OK.

This will add Windows Media Player icon to our Toolbox like this.

Now we can add Windows Media Player to our userform.

How to use preserve keyword in arrays

Today I’m going to teach you how to use preserve keyword effectively. We use preserve keyword to resize arrays without loosing existing data. But you should use it carefully. Because if you use it unwisely, then it may have huge impact on run time of the program. For an example it is inadvisable to use preserve inside the loops.

So now I will show you how you can avoid using preserve keyword inside loops. Consider following example. This excel sheet has list of names in column A. Assume we have names up to 30,000 rows. If you look at the list carefully you will notice that this list has duplicate names. Our goal is to get unique names to an array.

Here is a one method you can use to do that.

Sub GetUniqueNames() Dim WS As Worksheet Dim AllNames(1 To 30000) As String Dim UniqueNames() As String Dim i As Long Dim j As Long Dim Counter As Long Dim NameFound As Boolean Set WS = ActiveSheet For i = 1 To 30000      AllNames(i) = WS.Range("A" & i).Value Next i ReDim UniqueNames(1 To 1) UniqueNames(1) = AllNames(1) Counter = 1 For i = 1 To 30000      NameFound = False      For j = 1 To Counter           If StrComp(AllNames(i), UniqueNames(j), vbTextCompare) = 0 Then               NameFound = True          End If      Next j      If NameFound = False Then           Counter = Counter + 1           ReDim Preserve UniqueNames(1 To Counter)           UniqueNames(Counter) = AllNames(i)      End If Next i End Sub

If you look at above code you will notice that there is a nested for loop in above subroutine. And I have placed preserve keyword inside the outer for loop. So when we execute the code, program goes through all the values from 1 to 30000. For each value, it checks whether this current name is already in the UniqueNames array or not. If the value is not in the UniqueNames array then program resize the UniqueNames array copying existing data. Then program add that new name to the end of the array. So this means that when ever there is new name, program need to resize UniqueNames array copying existing data. But this is an expensive operation. So we should try to find different approach for this.

So our goal here is to remove the preserve keyword from the For Loop. To do that, first we need to identify the highest possible size UniqueNames array can have. So in this example it should be 30000. Now we resize the array to it’s highest possible size at the beginning.
ReDim UniqueNames(1 To 30000)

Then we can change the nested For Loop section like this.

Counter = 1 For i = 1 To 30000      NameFound = False      For j = 1 To Counter          If StrComp(AllNames(i), UniqueNames(j), vbTextCompare) = 0 Then              NameFound = True          End If      Next j      If NameFound = False Then          UniqueNames(Counter) = AllNames(i)          Counter = Counter + 1      End If Next i ReDim Preserve UniqueNames(1 To Counter - 1)

Here we loop through the values and add new names to UniqueNames array. We calculate the number of unique names using Counter variable. So at then end, we use preserve keyword once to resize the UniqueNames array to it’s correct size.

So the complete code of the second method is as follows.

Sub GetUniqueNames_Method2() Dim WS As Worksheet Dim AllNames(1 To 30000) As String Dim UniqueNames(1 To 30000) As String Dim i As Long Dim j As Long Dim Counter As Long Dim NameFound As Boolean Set WS = ActiveSheet For i = 1 To 30000      AllNames(i) = WS.Range("A" & i).Value Next i Counter = 1 For i = 1 To 30000      NameFound = False      For j = 1 To Counter          If StrComp(AllNames(i), UniqueNames(j), vbTextCompare) = 0 Then              NameFound = True          End If      Next j      If NameFound = False Then          UniqueNames(Counter) = AllNames(i)          Counter = Counter + 1      End If Next i ReDim Preserve UniqueNames(1 To Counter - 1) End Sub

Save a Workbook as a Single PDF Using VBA

From our last post we learnt how to convert an entire workbook to a single PDF manually. If you want to know how, then please check this post.

Convert an Entire Workbook to a Single PDF File

Today I’m going to teach you how to do the same thing using VBA. So you can use this subroutine inside your VBA applications where necessary. Now let’s start developing the code. First we need to declare a few variables.

We need to loop through all the sheets of the workbook. So we need to declare one variable as worksheet.

Dim WS As Worksheet

Then we need an array to assign sheet names.

Dim SheetNames() As Variant

PDF file name will be assigned to a string type variable.

Dim PDF_FileName As String

In addition to those variables, let’s declare two more variables of type integer. One is to hold the number of sheets. And other variable is to use as a counter inside for next loop.

Dim NumberOfSheets As Integer Dim Counter As Integer

Now we have declared all the required variables. After variable declaration we can calculate the number of sheets inside the workbook as our first step.

NumberOfSheets = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Count

Now we know the upper bound of our SheetNames array. So we can size that dynamic array using redim statement.

ReDim SheetNames(1 To NumberOfSheets)

As our next step we can loop through all the sheets of the workbook and assign name of each worksheet to the SheetNames array. We can do it as follows.

Counter = 1 For Each WS In Worksheets      SheetNames(Counter) = WS.Name      Counter = Counter + 1 Next WS

Now let’s assign a name to our PDF file. You can give any valid name to the PDF file.

PDF_FileName = "PDf file name here"

Next we use SheetNames array to select all the sheets.

Sheets(SheetNames).Select

Then we can convert all the sheets to one single PDF file as follows.

ActiveSheet.ExportAsFixedFormat Type:=xlTypePDF, Filename:= _ "D:\Work\Create PDF\" & PDF_FileName & ".pdf", Quality:=xlQualityStandard, _ IncludeDocProperties:=True, IgnorePrintAreas:=False, OpenAfterPublish:= _ False

You should replace "D:\Work\Create PDF\" with path of your folder where you need to save the PDF file. Or else you can assign the folder path to a variable and then use that inside the code like this.

Dim FolderPath as string FolderPath = "D:\Work\Create PDF" ActiveSheet.ExportAsFixedFormat Type:=xlTypePDF, Filename:= _ FolderPath & "\" & PDF_FileName & ".pdf", Quality:=xlQualityStandard, _ IncludeDocProperties:=True, IgnorePrintAreas:=False, OpenAfterPublish:= _ False

Here is the complete subroutine.

Sub ConvertWorkbookToSinglePDF() Dim WS As Worksheet Dim SheetNames() As Variant Dim PDF_FileName As String Dim NumberOfSheets As Integer Dim Counter As Integer NumberOfSheets = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Count ReDim SheetNames(1 To NumberOfSheets) Counter = 1 For Each WS In Worksheets      SheetNames(Counter) = WS.Name      Counter = Counter + 1 Next WS PDF_FileName = "PDf file name here" Sheets(SheetNames).Select ActiveSheet.ExportAsFixedFormat Type:=xlTypePDF, Filename:= _ "D:\Work\New Post 2\" & PDF_FileName & ".pdf", Quality:=xlQualityStandard, _ IncludeDocProperties:=True, IgnorePrintAreas:=False, OpenAfterPublish:= _ False End Sub

Convert an Entire Workbook to a Single PDF File

Did you know that you can convert an entire Excel workbook to a single PDF. In this post I will teach you how to do that. First open your excel workbook. And the click on the “File” menu.

Then click on the “Save As” and browse for the folder.

Save As dialog box will open like this.

Give a suitable name for the PDF file from the file name field. And select PDF from the save as type field.

When you select the PDF, few more options will be available at the bottom of the Save As dialog box. Click on the options button.

When you click on the Options button excel will open Options window. Select entire workbook option from “Publish what” section (Default setting is Activesheet(s)). Then click OK. Options window will be closed.

Now click on the “Save” button of the “Save As” dialog box. Excel will convert all the tabs in the Excel workbook to a single PDF file.

VBA Int function

In a recent post we learnt a useful VBA function call Fix function. Today I’m going to explain about very similar function. Name of this new VBA function is Int. Like Fix function this also returns the integer part of the number. But there is a small difference between these two functions. These two functions behave slightly different when dealing with negative numbers. If there is a decimal place in a negative value then Fix function will return the first negative number greater than the value.

Ex -
Fix(-29.1) will return -29

If there is a decimal place in the negative value then Int function will return first negative number less than the value.

Ex -
Int(-29.1) will return -30

However both functions treat positive values in same manner.

Now let’s consider this below subroutine. We can get a clear idea about VBA Int function if we run it.

Sub IntFunctionExample() Dim SampleValues(7) As Double Dim i As Integer SampleValues(0) = 0.32 SampleValues(1) = 5 SampleValues(2) = 7.1 SampleValues(3) = 7.8 SampleValues(4) = 0 SampleValues(5) = -15.1 SampleValues(6) = -15.9 SampleValues(7) = -30 For i = LBound(SampleValues) To UBound(SampleValues)      Debug.Print Int(SampleValues(i)) Next i End Sub

So if we run the above code it will show us below result in immediate window.

0
5
7
7
0
-16
-16
-30

Compare number arguments of the function and return values to understand how Int function works.